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“水錘(chuí)效應”（Water hammer effect )

是指(zhǐ)當打開的(de)閥門突然(ran)關閉，由于(yú)壓力水流(liú)的慣性，産(chǎn)生水流💋沖(chong)擊波，并産(chǎn)生破壞作(zuo)用，這就是(shì)水利學當(dāng)中的“水錘效應(yīng)”，也就(jiù)是正水錘(chui)。

It refers to that when the open valve is suddenly closed, due to the inertia of pressure water flow, water flow shock wave is generated and destructive effect is generated. This is the "water hammer effect" in hydraulics, that is, positive water hammer.

相反(fan)，關閉的閥(fa)門在突然(rán)打開後，也(ye)會産生水(shuǐ)錘，叫負😘水(shui)錘，也有一(yī)定的破壞(huài)力，但沒有(you)前者大。

On the contrary, after the closed valve is suddenly opened, it will also produce a water hammer, called negative water hammer, which also has a certain destructive force, but it is not as big as the former.

水錘效(xiao)應就好像(xiang)是追尾，最(zuì)前面的車(che)突然停車(chē)了✔️，為後♋面(miàn)🌈的車未及(ji)時發現，從(cóng)而造成了(le)連環追尾(wěi)事故，緻使(shǐ)最前面的(de)車破壞嚴(yán)重。水錘效(xiao)應就是與(yǔ)這個類似(si)。

The water hammer effect is like a rear end collision. The front car suddenly stopped because the rear car was not found in time, resulting in a series of rear end accidents and serious damage to the front car. The water hammer effect is similar to this.

通常(chang)，在閥門接(jie)近關閉時(shi)閉合元件(jian)突然吸入(rù)閥座，稱🌂為(wei)🍓溶🌈缸閉鎖(suo)效應。

溶缸閉鎖(suo)效應是由(you)低推力執(zhi)行機構所(suo)造成的，該(gāi)執⭐行機構(gou)沒有足夠(gòu)的推力以(yi)保持在接(jie)近閥座的(de)位置，導緻(zhì)🏃🏻泵的突然(ran)關閉🚶或閥(fa)門的突然(ran)關閉，從而(ér)産生水錘(chuí)效應。對于(yu)控制閥，在(zai)某些情💯況(kuang)下，快開型(xing)✔️流量特性(xing)的閥門也(yě)能導緻水(shui)錘效應。

Usually, when the valve is close to closing, the closing element suddenly sucks into the valve seat, which is called the cylinder locking effect.

The locking effect of the dissolving cylinder is caused by the low thrust actuator, which does not have enough thrust to keep close to the valve seat, resulting in the sudden closure of the pump or the sudden closure of the valve, resulting in water hammer effect. For control valves, in some cases, valves with fast opening flow characteristics can also cause water hammer effect.

雖然水(shui)錘産生很(hěn)大的噪音(yīn)，但真正的(de)損害是由(you)機械失效(xiao)造成的。因(yin)為由動能(neng)急劇地變(bian)化成靜态(tai)的管線壓(yā)力❗，水錘會(hui)沖💛破管線(xian)或損傷管(guǎn)子支架和(hé)損害管線(xiàn)接頭。對于(yú)閥門🏃，水錘(chui)能夠通過(guò)閥芯産生(shēng)嚴重振動(dong)，它可能導(dǎo)緻閥芯、墊(niàn)片或填料(liào)的👨‍❤️‍👨失效。

Although the water hammer makes a lot of noise, the real damage is caused by mechanical failure. Because of the sharp change from kinetic energy to static pipeline pressure, water hammer will break through the pipeline or damage the pipe support and pipeline joint. For valves, water hammer can produce serious vibration through the valve core, which may lead to the failure of the valve core, gasket or packing.

對于閥(fá)門，防(fang)止水錘的(de)辦法是防止系(xì)統任何突(tu)然的壓力(li)變化。

For valve,the way toprevent water hammer is to prevent any sudden any pressure changes in the system.

包括放慢(man)閥門本身(shen)的關閉速(sù)度或當閉(bì)合元件接(jiē)近閥座時(shí)提供較大(da)程度的拉(lā)力和剛性(xìng)。為防止壓(yā)力波動，閥(fa)門應以均(jun1)勻變🥰動的(de)速度進行(hang)關閉。在某(mǒu)些情況下(xià)，當使用快(kuài)開特性，可(kě)🍓以要求改(gai)變為等百(bǎi)分比特性(xìng)。對于在接(jiē)近閥座時(shi)必須節流(liú)⭕的控制閥(fá)㊙️，應當使用(yong)輸出推力(li)足夠大的(de)執行機構(gou)，如活塞式(shì)氣動執行(háng)機構♋或液(ye)壓執行機(ji)構，或在手(shǒu)動旋轉的(de)操作器的(de)行程套管(guan)上設置特(te)殊缺口，将(jiang)減少或防(fáng)止溶缸閉(bi)鎖效應。在(zai)管線系統(tong)上設置某(mou)💰種類型的(de)🐅防波動措(cuo)🔞施也能減(jiǎn)少水錘。可(ke)使用壓力(lì)洩放閥或(huò)💔緩沖桶完(wán)成。此外氣(qì)體可被注(zhù)入系統内(nei)，氣體的注(zhù)入能減少(shao)流體的密(mi)度并提供(gòng)某些壓縮(suo)性以處理(lǐ)任何😄突然(ran)的波動。

This includes slowing down the closing speed of the valve itself or providing a greater degree of tension and rigidity when the closing element approaches the valve seat. In order to prevent pressure fluctuation, the valve shall be closed at a uniform change speed. In some cases, when the quick open feature is used, it can be required to change to the equal percentage feature. For the control valve that must be throttled when approaching the valve seat, an actuator with sufficient output thrust, such as piston pneumatic actuator or hydraulic actuator, or a special notch shall be set on the stroke sleeve of the manually rotating operator, which will reduce or prevent the cylinder locking effect. Setting some type of anti fluctuation measures on the pipeline system can also reduce water hammer. This can be done using a pressure relief valve or a buffer drum. In addition, gas can be injected into the system, which can reduce the density of the fluid and provide some compressibility to deal with any sudden fluctuations.

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